Growth factors are proteins that play a critical role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. These factors are essential for various cellular processes such as wound healing, tissue repair, and embryonic development. Growth factors bind to specific receptors on the cell surface, triggering a cascade of signaling events that ultimately lead to changes in gene expression and cellular behavior. Research in growth factors has expanded significantly over the past few decades, as scientists have gained a better understanding of their importance in normal physiological processes and disease states. Several growth factors have been identified and studied extensively, including epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Studying growth factors has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various conditions, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and musculoskeletal disorders. This research area continues to grow as scientists uncover new roles for growth factors and explore their potential for use in clinical applications.